Lifestyle's Role in Alzheimer's Prevention: Diet, Exercise, and MicroRNAs

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 With the global population aging and over 1.5 billion people projected to be over 65 by 2050, age-related disorders like Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are expected to rise. AD is associated with amyloid beta (A) plaques and tau protein abnormalities. While genetics and age play roles, lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity are gaining prominence in AD prevention.

Healthy lifestyles can cut the risk of late-onset AD by up to 60%. Obesity and sedentary habits in middle age are modifiable risk factors linked to AD. Diets like the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND have shown cognitive preservation benefits due to compounds like polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids. Physical activity endorsed by the World Health Organization improves cognitive performance and reduces symptoms in AD patients.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules regulating gene expression and disease development, play a role in cognitive function and inflammation in AD. Dysregulated miRNA expression in blood and brain samples of AD patients suggests their involvement in the disease’s origin. The interplay between lifestyle factors and miRNAs in AD is not fully understood, warranting further research to uncover their potential impact on prevention and treatment methods.

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